What Is Arthroplasty?

Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that restores the function of a damaged joint by either resurfacing it or replacing it completely with an artificial implant. These implants are typically made of metal, ceramic, or durable plastic. The main goals of arthroplasty are:

• Reducing chronic pain
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• Improving mobility
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• Restoring joint stability and function
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• Helping patients return to daily activities pain-free
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Conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fractures, and joint degeneration are the primary reasons patients undergo arthroplasty.

How Joint Replacement Surgery Works

Joint replacement surgery is performed by an orthopedic surgeon under spinal or general anesthesia. The damaged parts of the joint are carefully removed and replaced with artificial components designed to mimic natural movement. Modern implants are highly durable and can last 15–20+ years with proper care.

The procedure usually involves:

1. Assessment & Diagnosis: X-rays, MRI scans, and physical evaluation
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3. Pre-Surgical Preparation: Lab tests, counseling, and mobility planning
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5. Surgical Procedure: Removal of diseased bone/cartilage and placement of the implant
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7. Recovery & Rehabilitation: Physiotherapy, strengthening exercises, and regular follow-ups
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Thanks to advancements in technology, minimally invasive techniques now allow shorter hospital stays, reduced pain, and faster recovery.

Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: The Most Common Procedures

Among all joint replacement surgeries, hip and knee arthroplasty are the most frequently performed worldwide. This is because these joints are weight-bearing and more prone to degeneration.

Hip Arthroplasty

Ideal for people suffering from severe hip arthritis or hip fractures, hip arthroplasty involves replacing the damaged ball-and-socket joint. Benefits include:

• Significant reduction in pain
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• Improved walking ability
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• Increased joint stability
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• Enhanced quality of life
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Most patients can resume normal activities within a few weeks and enjoy long-term relief.

Knee Arthroplasty

Knee replacement is recommended for chronic knee pain and deformity caused by osteoarthritis. The damaged surfaces of the knee joint are replaced with metal and plastic components. This surgery helps:

• Regain knee mobility
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• Correct joint alignment
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• Reduce stiffness
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• Restore daily function
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Patients often start walking within 24 hours after surgery with physiotherapy support.

Who Needs Arthroplasty?

A person may need arthroplasty if they experience:

• Persistent joint pain that does not improve with medication
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• Difficulty walking, bending, or climbing stairs
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• Joint swelling and stiffness
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• Limited mobility affecting daily activities
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• Poor sleep due to joint discomfort
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Your orthopedic specialist will determine suitability based on symptoms, imaging tests, age, and lifestyle.

Recovery and Long-Term Outlook

Recovery after arthroplasty varies from patient to patient, but most notice significant improvement within the first few weeks. Physiotherapy plays a major role in strengthening the joint, improving balance, and ensuring the implant functions properly.

Long-term results of arthroplasty, including hip and knee arthroplasty, are highly positive. Most patients return to normal or near-normal routines, including walking, light exercise, and low-impact sports.